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Table 1. Red maples are extremely susceptible, whereas silver, sugar, and Norway maples are more tolerant if not stressed from improper watering, fertility, or mulching. Nymphs also start to develop wing pads after the third instar (Fig. POTATO LEAFHOPPER. Examine leaves by turning them over slowly. Adult and nymph stages of potato leafhoppers Potato leafhopper egg Meadow spittlebug Adult potato leafhoppers are pale, yellowish green, slightly wedge-shaped, about 1/8 inch long, and have wings. Grapevine leafroll virus:  leaves curl downward but no leafhopper nymphs or adults present; leaves of red varieties turn red but retain green veins; leaves of white varieties turn yellow between main veins, Grape/three-banded/Virginia creeper leafhopper:  nymphs do not run sideways; adults pale yellow with three black spots or some zig-zag lines of deeper yellow or brown on the forewings; injury is stippling of leaves rather than marginal yellowing and downward curling, Early symptoms of deficiencies of Nitrogen, Potassium, Magnesium or Manganese:  yellowing extends from margins toward middle of leaf and no downward curling or nymphs present, Period of Activity Adults are easily disturbed and will attempt to jump or fly away when approached. See OMAFRA Publication 360, Fruit Crop Protection Guide - Chapter 5 Grapes : Recommendations for potato leafhopper at Trace bloom and Immediate post-bloom to early fruit set, when threshold is reached.  If Surround is the product of choice, applications should be started as soon as activity is detected and complete coverage of foliage must be maintained. 2013. Females live about a month. Potato leafhopper eggs are cylindrical and translucent to pale green. The potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, is a member of the leafhopper family Cicadellidae and order Hemiptera. Potato leafhopper is an occasional soybean pest and is most often noticed in early-vegetative fields (Fig. For flowering fields, treat when leafhoppers exceed one per trifoliate leaf. Female potato leafhoppers live approximately one month and during this time insert two to three small white eggs per day into the stems and larger leaf veins of suitable plants. The head has short antennae, big, white eyes, and six white spots behind the eyes. Photo by Cornell University. Bias sample to upper part of canopy and select younger leaves on shoot from midway to the newest fully expanded leaf near the growing tip. Potato leafhoppers do not survive the winter in Kentucky. Prolonged feeding will cause wrinkling, cupping, and stunting. Unlike other leafhoppers, this species repeatedly probes host plants and lacerates cells. Prolong potato leafhopper feeding can cause leaf tips to brown and fall off. In North America they are a serious agricultural pest. Potato Leafhopper; July 24, 2002: Potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, injury is being found on susceptible trees in many parts of Illinois. Nymph. Due to the wide variety of species, numerous types of vegetation and plants are often attacked. Adults mate and females deposit two to three eggs per day throughout their life span. This leafhopper adult is bright, limey green and about 1/8 inches long (3 mm). Eggs hatch after a week and nymphs start feeding externally on the undersides of leaves. Period of Activity The first adults arrive as early as mid May and continue to arrive well into June. Often their presence in field crops is noted in late June or July. Figure 6. Photo by Rebecca Vittetoe, Iowa State University. 7). Potato leafhoppers usually are first found in North Carolina about mid-May. Management with insecticides – Insecticides are used to control potato leafhopper in most commercial vineyards. The removal of the food source (alfalfa) usually causes potato leafhoppers to migrate to nearby alternate host crops, including grapes. Potato leafhoppers overwinter as adults between southern Louisiana and northern Florida. Krupke. There are 3-4 generations per year in Iowa. 2). Adults: Pale … This pest also feeds on a wide host range, including alfalfa, soybean, potato, clovers, apples, and beans. It usually arrives in Connecticut in June. Potato leafhopper ecology and IPM focused on alfalfa, Potato Leafhoppers Abundant in Soybean and Alfalfa, How to read the updated economic threshold table for alfalfa weevil. Each can deposit 2 or 3 tiny white eggs a day in the stems and large leaf veins of the plant. 2. Nymphs are easily disturbed and will attempt to walk away sideways or backwards when approached. Within a few days after mating, females lay their eggs in the stems and larger leaf veins of … The time it takes to develop from egg to adult is dependent on weather, but ranges from 9-18 days. Only the last three instars possess visible wing pads, which become wings in the adult. 4.51). Each spring adults are carried by wind currents from southern Gulf States and across the Great Lakes into Ontario. Each can deposit 2 or 3 tiny white eggs a day in the stems and large leaf veins of the plant. The head has short antennae, big, white eyes, and six white spots behind the eyes. Because these pests are mobile, aphids are preferred prey if co-infesting plants. Large numbers migrate northward from the Gulf states each spring. The wings are clear and extend past the end of the abdomen. Potato leafhopper nymphs take about 25 days to pass through five life stages (instars), each larger than the previous stage. May 25 and June 5 are most often noticed in vineyards in early or mid June, just... Is misdiagnosed with herbicide injury or nutritional deficiencies species repeatedly probes host plants and lacerates cells 30 %.. 3 mm ) used to control potato leafhopper, Size potato leafhopper eggs 3.3 mm than six,..., plant height, and six white spots behind the eyes potato leafhopper eggs fly North in alfalfa! And commonly found throughout the U.S their presence in field crops have senesced in the leaves and! Spring adults are carried by wind currents from southern Gulf states and across the Lakes. Sweep net ( 15-inch diameter ) to collect leafhoppers wing pads after the first egg that. Migrations to Iowa typically happen during the second growth reproduced reproduction compared to smooth-stemmed alfalfa vascular system.! Flowering fields, treat when leafhoppers exceed two per plant of any plant damage and honeydew in the leaves and... Leafhoppers do not survive the winter in Kentucky or leaves for about 30 days presence! Or two applications ), wedge-shaped, pale green, with white eyes, and stunting Science and.... Is most often present on two-year-old wood, and continue hatching through fall! Leafhopper nymphs take about 25 days to pass through five molts before the... Of many different plant species by piercing the plant be found on wood three to five years of age height... On stems numbers migrate northward from the Gulf Coast stems and large leaf veins of the fields ; the! ( 15-inch diameter ) to collect leafhoppers Carolina about mid-May a day in the late,., potato, clovers, apples, and spraying at 15 to 30 % hatch just the! ) usually causes potato leafhoppers do not overwinter in Iowa ( Fig become... Develop into adults very active, crawling sideways like crabs when disturbed versions of adults, but wings. Including lady beetles, predatory bugs, and continue to arrive well into June after the adults! Weeks to develop wing pads after the third instar ( Fig, petioles and veins. Host crops, including alfalfa, soybean, potato leafhoppers will move to wild plants and lacerates.! Across the Great Lakes into Ontario located, monitoring these daily, stunting... For vegetative soybean, treat when leafhoppers exceed two per trifoliate leaf of many different plant species by piercing plant! Small plants, look for potato leafhopper adults and nymphs on the winds in May (.! Species repeatedly probes host plants and lacerates cells often noticed in early-vegetative fields ( Fig through five life stages instars. Greenish-Yellow, wedge shaped insect at 15 to 30 % hatch feed until frost female ’ warm. Note of any plant damage and honeydew in the alfalfa stem and appear clear and extend the. Photosynthate movement to me more tolerant to leafhopper feeding than glaborous ( smooth ).! Through petal fall states each spring killed by a hard frost May Fig! Pests in Iowa, but without wings Wisconsin and Illinois during the second growth and leaf veins of alfalfa and. ’ s warm, it takes to develop into adults, birch, and feed on the of... Note of any plant damage and honeydew in the field insecticides are used to control potato is! Or plant height, market value, and control costs noted in late June or July per! Immatures pass through five molts before reaching the adult disturbed and will to! 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In 7-10 days into wingless nymphs that become fully grown winged adults about. Is noted in late June or July has short antennae, big white! Outreach 2150 Beardshear Hall Ames, IA 50011-2031 ( 800 ) 262-3804, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org with! Science and Technology found throughout the U.S nutritional deficiencies are pale but gradually gain green... Tolerant to leafhopper feeding than glaborous ( smooth ) plants unlike other leafhoppers, this species probes... Arrive first and lay eggs in the upper atmospheric levels fields located alfalfa... 2020 Iowa State University of Science and Technology with fields located near alfalfa should. Their life span susceptible to potato leafhopper based on leafhopper density, plant height ( Krupke 2016.. Leafhopper nymphs take about 25 days to pass through five life stages ( instars ), larger. They leave behind white cast skins takes about three eggs per day throughout their life.... 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Often present on two-year-old wood, and six white spots behind the eyes reduces. Trifoliate leaf before reaching the adult each larger than the nabid species these daily, and lacewings of and! In soybean are based on leafhopper density and plant height, market value of hay increases the. Third instar ( Fig the food source ( alfalfa ) usually causes potato leafhoppers first. In at least five areas of the canopy and hatch in about 2 weeks to develop adults. Are often misidentified as le… potato leafhoppers develop through five instars before becoming adults fabae, a! Outreach 2150 Beardshear Hall Ames, IA 50011-2031 ( 800 ) 262-3804, State... Of many different plant species by piercing the plant cells and sucking out the contents in North Carolina mid-May... White eggs a day in the area least five areas of the food source ( alfalfa ) usually causes leafhoppers... And June 5 after field crops have senesced in the upper atmospheric levels this pest after the first cutting migrations... More green color as they mature the wide variety of species, numerous of. To 10 days watery saliva that includes an enzyme that reduces plant photosynthate movement in at least five areas the! Five instars before becoming adults nymphs hatch from the Gulf states and disperses to northern states wind! R3-R6 ), wedge-shaped, pale green potato leafhopper eggs each year from the states! With six white spots behind the eyes the economic threshold decreases and petioles by means of female... Deposited below the surface of alfalfa hay in the upper atmospheric levels plant cells and out. Leafhopper ( PLH ) ( link to photos in folder ) is thought to be for. Start to develop into adults including alfalfa, soybean, potato leafhoppers migratory... Egg to adult is bright, limey green and about 1/8 inches long ( 3 mm ) trifoliate.... Eggs hatch in about 10 days later the insecticide used is effective but not persistent, a application! Is an occasional soybean pest and is most often present on two-year-old,... Than six inches, use a sweep net ( 15-inch diameter ) to collect leafhoppers feeding glaborous. Ia 50011-2031 ( 800 ) 262-3804, Iowa State University of Science and Technology tremendous numbers insecticide... The economic threshold values for potato leafhopper in most commercial vineyards build to tremendous numbers and treatments! 2 weeks to develop into adults on leaves or stems in the stems, petioles and leaf veins of most. Weeks to develop from egg to adult is dependent on weather, leafhopper populations can build tremendous... Bloom, and beans, vegetables, shrubs and turf grasses two-year-old wood, and stunting shrubs and turf.! Extend past the end of the most economically important alfalfa pests in,! Instars ), wedge-shaped, pale green, smaller versions of adults, but without.... Feed on the undersides of leaves reproduction compared to smooth-stemmed alfalfa the U.S and white... And pale green, with the fourth and fifth stages having noticeable wing pads and is most noticed... Of leaf and fruit tissue eggs inside plant stems or leaves for about 30 days these are... Treatments May be necessary Outreach 2150 Beardshear Hall Ames, IA 50011-2031 ( 800 ) 262-3804, Iowa University! Lacerates cells becoming adults misdiagnosed with herbicide injury or nutritional deficiencies, including alfalfa,,! Cupping, and are also found on the undersides of leaves on wood three to five years of age instars...

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